地基伪卫星导航系统的伪距精度估计方法

地基伪卫星导航系统的伪距和伪距变率精度对评估系统的导航性能或其信息与其他系统导航信息的融合意义重大。目前的伪距和伪距变率精度估计方法基本上都是针对卫星导航系统的,并且没有充分考虑地基伪卫星导航系统自身的特点。通过构造伪距和伪距变率精度观测量,利用地基伪卫星导航系统可产生较差定位构型的特点,提出了一种在外测系统定位定速精度较差且存在杆臂长度的情况下仍然能够获取准确估计量的伪距和伪距精度估计方法。仿真结果表明所提方法可有效地估计出伪距和伪距变率的精度而且具有较强的适用性。     

极区格网导航在大圆航行中的应用

为了克服因极区地理经线快速收敛而产生的惯导系统无法准确定位的难题,对极区格网导航在大圆航行中的应用进行了研究,提出将过大圆顶点的子午线作为格网北的极区格网导航方法,根据格网北进行了航向推算,分别对大圆顶点相对于大圆端点对称的特殊情况以及大圆顶点相对于大圆端点非对称的常规情况进行了航向推算,并分析了航向误差产生的原因。理论分析证明该方法能够为船舶高纬度航行提供准确的位置信息。     

Two novel critical shock models based on Markov renewal processes

In this paper, we investigate systems subject to random shocks that are classified into critical and noncritical categories, and develop two novel critical shock models. Classical extreme shock models and run shock models are special cases of our developed models. The system fails when the total number of critical shocks reaches a predetermined threshold, or when the system stays in an environment that induces critical shocks for a preset threshold time, corresponding to failure mechanisms of the developed two critical shock models respectively. Markov renewal processes are employed to capture the magnitude and interarrival time dependency of environment-induced shocks. Explicit formulas for systems under the two critical shock models are derived, including the reliability function, the mean time to failure and so on. Furthermore, the two critical shock models are extended to the random threshold case and the integrated case where formulas of the reliability indexes of the systems are provided. Finally, a case study of a lithium-ion battery system is conducted to illustrate the proposed models and the obtained results.     

Averaging frameworks for simulation optimization with applications to simulated annealing

We present two frameworks for designing random search methods for discrete simulation optimization. One of our frameworks is very broad (in that it includes many random search methods), whereas the other one considers a special class of random search methods called point‐based methods, that move iteratively between points within the feasible region. Our frameworks involve averaging, in that all decisions that require estimates of the objective function values at various feasible solutions are based on the averages of all observations collected at these solutions so far. Also, the methods are adaptive in that they can use information gathered in previous iterations to decide how simulation effort is expended in the current iteration. We show that the methods within our frameworks are almost surely globally convergent under mild conditions. Thus, the generality of our frameworks and associated convergence guarantees makes the frameworks useful to algorithm developers wishing to design efficient and rigorous procedures for simulation optimization. We also present two variants of the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm and provide their convergence analysis as example application of our point‐based framework. Finally, we provide numerical results that demonstrate the empirical effectiveness of averaging and adaptivity in the context of SA. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012     

光电载荷安装误差标校的飞行航路

无人机搭载光电载荷进行安装误差标校时,飞行航路的选择与规划在很大程度上影响着标校算法的收敛性与误差识别结果。为增强标校飞行架次的有效性,提高安装误差可被识别的程度,改善标校算法的收敛性及标校精度,对标校的原理和标校算法进行了理论分析,并利用考察差异函数偏微分的方法找到了标校航路和安装误差标校之间的相互联系,然后结合标校实施过程中所遇到的实际问题提出标校航路规划应遵循的原则,给出了标校航路规划的参考范例。     

基于组合牛顿迭代法的改进IEKF及其在UNGM中的应用

从高斯-牛顿迭代的角度对迭代扩展卡尔曼滤波(IEKF)进行分析,提出了一种基于组合牛顿迭代法的改进IEKF算法。该算法通过实时判断每次迭代对状态的逼近程度,采用加权平均的方法确定新的迭代值,继而采用卡尔曼滤波框架对状态进行量测更新。新算法较传统的IEKF具有精度高以及对初值不敏感的优点。实例仿真验证了该算法的有效性。     

九年一贯制学校综合实践活动课程实施现状分析及价值挖掘

综合实践活动课程作为现代教育的重要内容,是国家新一轮课改的亮点和难点。调研发现,九年一贯制学校开设综合实践活动课程推动了学校重构教育教学层级与体系,能有效提升学生核心素养,促进教师职业成长与转型,帮助学校竖立校本特色与教育品牌影响力。九年一贯制学校开设综合实践活动是人才强国背景下的学生需求与文化适应的统一,是教师的使命和责任的体现,是传统教育与新型教育的融合与创新。     

The deformation and failure mechanism of cylindrical shell and square plate with pre-formed holes under blast loading

The deformation and failure mechanism of cylindrical shells and square plate with pre-formed holes under blast loading were investigated numerically by employing the Ansys 17.0 and Ls-Dyna 971. To calibrate the numerical model, the experiments of square plates with pre-formed circle holes were modeled and the numerical results have a good agreement with the experiment data. The calibrated numerical model was used to study the deformation and failure mechanism of cylindrical shells with pre-formed circle holes subjected to blast loading. The structure response and stress field changing process has been divided into four specific stages and the deformation mechanism has been discussed systematically. The local and global deformation curves, degree of damage, change of stress status and failure modes of cylindrical shell and square plate with pre-formed circular holes are obtained, compared and analyzed, it can be concluded as: (1) The transition of tensile stress fields is due to the geometrical characteristic of pre-formed holes and cylindrical shell with arch configuration; (2) The existence of pre-formed holes not only lead to the increasing of stress concentration around the holes, but also release the stress concentration during whole response process; (3) There are three and two kinds of failure modes for square plate and cylindrical shell with pre-formed holes, respectively. and the standoff distance has a key influence on the forming location of the crack initiating point and the locus of crack propagation; (4) The square plate with pre-formed holes has a better performance than cylindrical shell on blast-resistant capability at a smaller standoff distance, while the influence of pre-formed holes on the reduction of blast-resistant capability of square plate is bigger than that of cylindrical shell.     

遥感影像中采用多维特征的目标定位检测

给出一种在复杂场景的遥感影像中定位人造目标的方法,通过提取多种有利于检测人造目标的特征,并将其组合成特征矢量,采用非参数的均值漂移聚类方法进行分割,从而把目标从复杂场景中分离出来,通过检测影像中的房屋建筑物,结果表明该方法具有很好的稳健性和自动性。     

基于扩张观测器的三维有限时间收敛导引律

为了保证视线角速率在弹目碰撞前收敛到零附近的较小邻域内从而达到准平行接近的状态,本文基于自抗扰控制的不确定性估计补偿思想,应用反演控制方法设计了一种考虑导弹自动驾驶仪二阶动态特性和目标机动的三维有限时间收敛导引律。根据有限时间收敛控制理论,严格证明了系统的有限时间收敛特性;为抑制量测噪声,将传统跟踪微分器进行改进并应用于扩张状态观测器与反演控制的设计中。仿真结果表明:在自动驾驶仪响应延迟情况下,所设计的导引律能够导引导弹在有限时间内精确地拦截高速机动目标;改进的跟踪微分器精度高、响应快;基于改进跟踪微分器的扩张观测器估计效果理想。